{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:54:12Z","timestamp":1791543252933,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019186","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Innovative Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101059609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101059609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Animal Breeding Genetics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Reducing methane emissions from dairy cattle has gained considerable attention due to its dual benefits of improving feed efficiency and mitigating climate change. Consequently, phenotyping methane emissions in dairy populations has become increasingly important to enable direct genomic selection for lower methane emissions in breeding programs. Sniffer devices are receiving growing attention and are currently being deployed on commercial farms. However, these devices do not measure airflow and therefore provide methane concentration measurements rather than direct estimates of methane production. In this study, a new method is proposed to estimate individual cow methane production from sniffer device data that does not rely on regression on production traits and can therefore be classified as a Tier 3 approach. This novel methane production trait was derived using sniffer measurements collected in two dairy cattle populations: Spain (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091576) and The Netherlands (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092470). The proposed trait was compared with two alternative methane production estimates derived from production traits, representing a Tier 2 and an existing Tier 3 method. Phenotypic correlations between the Tier 3 traits were high (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.90), whereas correlations between the Tier 2 and Tier 3 methods were substantially lower, ranging from 0.04 to 0.44. Strong agreement was observed between herd\u2010level averages of the Tier 3 traits, while discrepancies between Tier 2 and Tier 3 estimates were more pronounced. Overall, the Tier 2 equation yielded higher methane production estimates than those obtained from sniffer\u2010based Tier 3 traits. Heritability estimates for the Tier 3 traits ranged from 0.06 to 0.13, whereas a higher heritability (0.18\u20130.22) was observed for the Tier 2 trait, with standard errors between 0.02 and 0.03. Repeatability estimates were greater for the Tier 3 traits, with values ranging from 0.54 to 0.58 in Spain and from 0.25 to 0.29 in The Netherlands. The Tier 2 trait also exhibited a high repeatability (0.55\u20130.80). We propose this new sniffer\u2010based Tier 3 trait as an alternative methane production phenotype that is not derived from individual production traits, thereby reducing the risk of spurious associations between methane emissions and yield\u2010related traits. The proposed phenotype showed strong agreement with previously used Tier 3 traits and exhibited comparable heritability estimates. Nevertheless, several limitations must be acknowledged. In particular, this trait provides an estimate of methane production rather than a direct measurement, as current sniffer devices cannot capture the complete expiration or eructation plume. Despite these limitations, the trait enables the estimation of genetic trends and the prediction of breeding values expressed in biologically meaningful units. As such, it represents a valuable tool for supporting mitigation strategies and informing breeding policies aimed at reducing methane emissions from dairy cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:22:48Z","timestamp":1791541368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Transformation From Methane Concentration From Sniffers to Methane Production for Implementation in Breeding Programs and Comparison With Tier 2 Equation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9106-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Recio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies R(D)SVS The University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Teran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Mejora Gen\u00e9tica Animal Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria \u2010 CSIC  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Confederaci\u00f3n de Asociaciones de Frisona Espa\u00f1ola (CONAFE)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8121-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Confederaci\u00f3n de Asociaciones de Frisona Espa\u00f1ola (CONAFE)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-212X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. I. V.","family":"Manzanilla\u2010Pech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5916-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Gredler\u2010Grandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018\u201015909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.COMPAG.2009.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011\u20104439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"GSOC\u2010MRV Protocol","author":"FAO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"ASReml User Guide Release 4.2.1","author":"Gilmour A. R.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Global Methane Tracker 2022","author":"IEA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use","author":"IPCC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012\u20105631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016\u201011954"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10012","article-title":"Heritability Estimates for Enteric Methane Emissions From Holstein Cattle Measured Using Noninvasive Methods","volume":"99","author":"Lassen J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022\u201022213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009\u20102061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019\u201017597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022\u201022121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Manual for BLUPF90 Family of Programs","author":"Misztal I.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","article-title":"Carbon Dioxide Production in Animal Houses: A Literature Review","author":"Pedersen S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Ejournal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014\u20108302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018\u201016066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1842"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9080563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2023\u20100431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021\u201021420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022\u201022735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024\u201025629"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jbg.70080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jbg.70080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jbg.70080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:22:50Z","timestamp":1791541370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jbg.70080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jbg.70080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbg.70080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2668","1439-0388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2668","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jbg.70080"}}