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This has been conceptualized in this article using a framework depicting the affects of these shifts on learning environments that may change schooling and impact society. These trends provide new challenges for educational researchers at national and international levels, requiring attention to the interrelationships among the various components in an educational system. New evidence, which builds on earlier claims of an increasing digital divide between developing and developed countries, has shown that this phenomenon is much more complex than was previously thought. We suggest that a promising way to maximize the knowledge and impact of researching <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IT<\/jats:styled-content> in education is to establish longitudinal programmatic research sustained through the establishment of <jats:italic>E\u2010learning observatories<\/jats:italic>, which can bring together expertise across a range of disciplines. A major challenge in forming a clear and coherent strategy for researching <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IT<\/jats:styled-content> in education lies in the fact that there are multiple stakeholders with differing aims, goals and objectives. Therefore, reciprocal relationships are needed in which practice informs research and research informs practice with support and guidance from policymakers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]],"date-time":"2013-09-09T10:21:23Z","timestamp":1378722083000},"page":"474-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Researching <scp>IT<\/scp> in education"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"M.J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.S.","family":"Niederhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Bio\u2010Bio  Biobio Region Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.B.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Roesvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volda University College  Volda Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/9789087901639","volume-title":"Making connections: Comparing mathematics classrooms around the world","author":"Clarke D. 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