{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:56:21Z","timestamp":1783691781390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Adoles Psych Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general pediatric population is 7%, whereas the prevalence in trauma is unknown. We hypothesized pediatric patients with ADHD would have a higher risk of involvement in a mechanism of injury (MOI) requiring constant attention to surroundings, such as a bicycle collision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014\u20132016) was queried for patients with ADHD. Patients, less than 16 years of age, with ADHD were compared to those without ADHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of ADHD was 2.5% (2,866). ADHD patients had higher risk for bicycle collision (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59\u20132.15; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). ADHD bicyclists were less likely to wear a helmet (9.4% vs. 18.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) and had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI; 55.6% vs. 39.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), compared to non\u2010ADHD bicyclists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric ADHD patients have a 60% higher risk of being involved in a bicycle collision. ADHD patients that are involved in a bicycle collision are less likely to wear a helmet with a higher rate of TBI. Increased public awareness, education, and supervision may help reduce risk of bicycle collisions and TBI in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T05:29:33Z","timestamp":1563773373000},"page":"171-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increased risk of head injury in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0998-796X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areg","family":"Grigorian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffry","family":"Nahmias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dolich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Cristobal","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian D.","family":"Schubl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care University of California Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199806000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyu016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/9.5.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9155-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_9_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A national analysis of pediatric trauma care utilization and outcomes in the United States","volume":"78","author":"Myers S. 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