{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:30:07Z","timestamp":1761294607296,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Adoles Psych Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Via a network analysis approach, following 2 weeks of the medication Ritalin, the present study investigated the quality of symptom interactions and the pattern of behavior changes to identify locations of functional weaknesses in the network interactions of symptomology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ritalin\u00ae prescribed for 112 children (aged 4\u201314) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as diagnosed by five child and adolescent psychiatrists. Their parents completed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham\u2010IV questionnaire (SNAP\u2010IV) before and after Ritalin\u00ae onset as the pre and post\u2010test, respectively. Then, the network analysis approach was used to discover the pattern of changes in symptom interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated that in 2 weeks following its initiation, Ritalin significantly reduced restlessness and interactions between symptoms of impulsivity. \u201cInability to follow instructions\u201d and \u201cdifficulty waiting their turn\u201d symptoms were the most central symptoms of strength. Three symptoms, \u201cOften has difficulty waiting their turn,\u201d \u201cruns and climbs in situations where it is inappropriate\u201d and \u201cdoes not follow through on instructions,\u201d had the most expected influence. In the 14\u2010day period of investigation, Ritalin\u00ae was effective in breaking some interactions and components of ADHD, but no significant mitigation of other components of the detected symptomatology network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Follow\u2010up investigations using network analysis can clarify the dynamics of the network changes after initiation of medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T05:22:41Z","timestamp":1683609761000},"page":"269-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analyzing the network of parent\u2010rated ADHD symptoms before and 2 weeks after the onset of pharmaceutical treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Payam Sadeghi","family":"Shabestari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Zendehrouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cognitive Sciences Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atefeh","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counselling in Midwifery, Neurology Research Center, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajad","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Parvaresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahin","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"761","article-title":"Combination effect of Methylphenidate and Risperidone in treatment of children with attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"25","author":"Assarian F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"KAUMS Journal (FEYZ)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9590-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00055-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720903372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2017.0151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedp.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13632752.2019.1597562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-016-0208-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1319-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.572917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34117\/bjdv7n12-053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S130444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0962-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Kaufman J. 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