{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:52:30Z","timestamp":1792673550296,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Esophageal Cooling During Hot Balloon Ablation<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) using the radiofrequency hot balloon (RHB) technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of a unique esophageal cooling method during RHB ablation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this observational study, 318 consecutive patients (231 men; mean age, 63 \u00b1 9 years) with symptomatic, drug\u2010refractory, paroxysmal (n = 183) or persistent (n = 135) AF underwent RHB ablation with LET monitoring followed by a postprocedural, nonsymptom\u2010driven esophageal endoscopy within 3 days of the ablation procedure. The patients have been divided into 3 groups. The first 22 patients treated are in Group A (n = 22) and had only LET monitoring without cooling of the esophagus. In Groups B (n = 128) and C (n = 168), patients had LET monitoring with cooling of the esophagus when the LET exceeded 43 \u00b0C and 39 \u00b0C, by infusion of cooled saline mixed with Gastrographin or Iopamidol, respectively. Group A had a higher risk of esophageal ulceration among the 3 groups (P &lt; 0.0001). Saline infusion cooling initiated when the LET exceeded 43 \u00b0C (Group B) was not as safe as saline infusion cooling initiated when the LET exceeded 39 \u00b0C (Group C), demonstrated by the Group C minimum ulceration score and LET measurements while ablating the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) and left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV) (P &lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cooling the esophagus by a mix of Iopamidol and saline infusion when the LET exceeds 39 \u00b0C during RHB ablation may decrease the incidence and severity of esophageal thermal injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T23:54:40Z","timestamp":1393545280000},"page":"686-692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Prevalence of Esophageal Ulceration After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with the Hot Balloon Ablation Catheter: What is the Value of Esophageal Cooling?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"HIROSHI","family":"SOHARA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Hayama Heart Center  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHUTARO","family":"SATAKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Hayama Heart Center  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HIROSHI","family":"TAKEDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Hayama Heart Center  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YOSHIO","family":"YAMAGUCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center Hayama Heart Center  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAOKO","family":"NAGASU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Medicine Center Shonan Kamakura General Hospital  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131866.44650.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2003.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.859116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"S61","article-title":"High incidence of asymptomatic esophageal ulceration after pulmonary vein antrum isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Nakagawa H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart 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