{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:04:27Z","timestamp":1762506267529},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Helsinki, Finland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Heart Rate Variability and Atrial Fibrillation<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autonomic nervous system modifies atrial electrophysiologic properties and arrhythmia vulnerability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate (HR) variability, an indicator of cardiac autonomic regulation, was measured in 784 subjects (mean age 51 \u00b1 6 years; 54% males) from a standardized 45\u2010minute period in a study population (n = 1,045), which consisted of randomly selected hypertensive and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control subjects at the time of recruitment in 1991\u20131992 (the OPERA study).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean follow\u2010up of 16.5 \u00b1 3.5 years, 76 subjects (9.7%) had developed symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), needing hospitalization. HR did not predict the occurrence of AF. Among the various spectral and time\u2010domain HR variability indexes, only the low\u2010frequency (LF) spectral component independently predicted AF. In the Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio of reduced HR corrected LF (LFccv \u2264 1.59%, optimal cutoff from the ROC curve) in predicting the AF was 3.28 (95% CI: 2.06\u20135.24; P &lt; 0.001). In the multiple Cox regression model, including LFccv and other predictors of AF, such as age, gender, hypertension, history of coronary artery disease, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, \u03b2\u2010blocking, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and aspirin medication, left atrial size, left ventricular mass index, and left ventricular size obtained by echocardiography, only LFccv (hazard ratio 2.81; 95% CI: 1.64\u20134.81; P &lt; 0.001), age (P = 0.006), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired LF oscillation of HR predicts new\u2010onset AF in a middle\u2010aged population emphasizing the important role of autonomic nervous system in the genesis of symptomatic AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T17:30:29Z","timestamp":1394127029000},"page":"719-724","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Heart Rate Variability Findings as a Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation in Middle\u2010Aged Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"JUHA","family":"PERKI\u00d6M\u00c4KI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center University Hospital of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"OLAVI","family":"UKKOLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center University Hospital of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANTTI","family":"KIVINIEMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology Verve Research  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MIKKO","family":"TULPPO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology Verve Research  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences London South Bank University  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANTTI","family":"YLITALO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center University Hospital of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Lappi Central Hospital  Rovaniemi Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. 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