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Steady\u2010state restitution curves were reconstructed for various AP waveform metrics. We observed significant variability between the four regions under basal pacing representing the rabbit resting heart rate as well as regional variability in rate\u2010adaptation to increased pacing frequencies. Right\u2010left atrial restitution differences were further confirmed using the non\u2010uniform pacing protocol, with significant differences in AP amplitude, duration (APD) as well as maximum phase 0 depolarization rate restitution curves in response to an identical sequence of non\u2010uniform pacing intervals. In addition, we report regional differences in alternans of AP waveform metrics, over a wide range of pacing frequencies and not simply prior to 1:1 entrainment being lost. We also observed an increase in APD90 along the conduction pathway from the left atrium to pulmonary vein junction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results identified significant regional differences in electrical restitution in the rabbit atria and suggest their dependency on both baseline AP morphology and local intrinsic differences in rate\u2010adaptation. We propose that the atrial heterogeneity in rate\u2010adaptation could contribute to arrhythmogenesis and the greater susceptibility of pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves to ectopic foci and reentrant activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T14:44:18Z","timestamp":1456584258000},"page":"743-753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Local Heterogeneous Electrical Restitution Properties of Rabbit Atria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"AMR","family":"AL ABED","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Australia  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NIGEL H.","family":"LOVELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Australia  Sydney 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