{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:09:47Z","timestamp":1787015387579,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AF\u20102825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AF\u20102825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Pulmonary Vein Cryoablation and Bronchial Injury<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a paucity of data on the mechanisms of cough and hemoptysis that sometimes ensue from cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins (Cryo\u2010PV). This study specifically examined the impact of ultra\u2010cold (\u2264\u221260\u2009\u00b0C, 3 minutes), prolonged (&gt;\u221255\u2009\u00b0C, 6 minutes), and conventional (&gt;\u221255\u2009\u00b0C, 3 minutes) Cryo\u2010PV on lung\/bronchial injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four healthy adult swine underwent Cryo\u2010PV. Each animal received Cryo\u2010PV to the inferior common trunk and the right superior PV. In 2 animals, 1 PV was treated with 2 ultra\u2010cold (Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Ultra\u2010cold<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and the other with 2 conventional (Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) cryoapplications. In the other 2 animals, 1 PV was ablated using 2 prolonged (Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Prolonged<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and the other with 2 conventional (Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) applications. The nadir cryoballoon temperatures were lower in Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Ultra\u2010cold<\/jats:sub>\n                      versus Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u221266 \u00b1 6\u2009\u00b0C vs. \u221245 \u00b1 5\u2009\u00b0C; P = 0.001), but did not differ between Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Prolonged<\/jats:sub>\n                      and Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u221246 \u00b1 3\u2009\u00b0C vs. \u221249 \u00b1 3\u2009\u00b0C; P = 0.123). Post\u2010ablation bronchoscopy revealed immediate mucosal edema and erythema with\/without bleeding in the adjacent bronchi in 100% of Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Ultra\u2010cold<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 50% of Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n                      and Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Prolonged<\/jats:sub>\n                      . At 4 hours post\u2010ablation, there were marked increases in bronchoalveolar macrophages (P &lt;0.001), lymphocytes (P = 0.035) and neutrophils (P = 0.001). Furthermore, Cryo\u2010A\n                      <jats:sub>Ultra\u2010cold<\/jats:sub>\n                      yielded the largest increase in the macrophage (P = 0.005) and neutrophil (P = 0.034) cell counts. While similar trends were seen in Cryo\u2010B\n                      <jats:sub>Prolonged<\/jats:sub>\n                      , these did not reach statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryo\u2010PV can elicit acute bronchial inflammation, bleeding, and mucosal injury. While this was further augmented by ultra\u2010cold cryoapplications, it was also evident to a lesser degree with prolonged and even conventional cryoapplications. The mechanism for this appears to be direct collateral injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T14:43:19Z","timestamp":1460299399000},"page":"861-867","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Impact of Pulmonary Vein Cryoballoon Ablation on Bronchial Injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"ARASH","family":"ARYANA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy General Hospital and Dignity Health Heart and Vascular Institute  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARK R.","family":"BOWERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy General Hospital and Dignity Health Heart and Vascular Institute  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SA 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