{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:03:01Z","timestamp":1790204581791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Endovascular Stimulation for Treatment of Hypotension<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have previously shown that sympathetic ganglia stimulation via the renal vein rapidly increases blood pressure. This study further investigated the optimal target sites and effective energy levels for stimulation of the renal vasculatures and nearby sympathetic ganglia for rapid increase in blood pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pre\u2010study protocol for endovascular stimulations included 2 minutes of stimulation (1\u2013150 V and 10 pulses per second) and at least 2 minutes of rest during poststimulation. If blood pressure and\/or heart rate were changed during the stimulation, time to return to baseline was allowed prior to the next stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 11 acute canine studies, we performed 85 renal artery, 30 renal vein, and 8 hepatic vasculature stimulations. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) rapidly increased during stimulation of renal artery (95 \u00b1 18 mmHg vs. 103 \u00b1 15 mmHg; P &lt; 0.0001), renal vein (90 \u00b1 16 mmHg vs. 102 \u00b1 20 mmHg; P = 0.001), and hepatic vasculatures (74 \u00b1 8 mmHg vs. 82 \u00b1 11 mmHg; P = 0.04). Predictors of a significant increase in MAP were energy &gt;10 V focused on the left renal artery, bilateral renal arteries, and bilateral renal veins (especially the mid segment). Overall, heart rate was unchanged, but muscle fasciculation was observed in 22.0% with an output &gt;10 V (range 15\u2013150 V). Analysis after excluding the stimulations that resulted in fasciculation yielded similar results to the main findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stimulation of intra\u2010abdominal vasculatures promptly increased the MAP and thus may be a potential treatment option for hypotension in autonomic disorders. Predictors of optimal stimulation include energy delivery and the site of stimulation (for the renal vasculatures), which informs the design of subsequent research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,28]],"date-time":"2016-05-28T08:32:54Z","timestamp":1464424374000},"page":"1078-1085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Blood Pressure Responses to Endovascular Stimulation: A Potential Therapy for Autonomic Disorders With Vasodilatation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"NIYADA","family":"NAKSUK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AMMAR M.","family":"KILLU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota 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