{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:33:11Z","timestamp":1789201991660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>PV Stenosis After Cryoablation<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVST) can occur after first\u2010generation cryoballoon ablation. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, severity, and characteristics of PVST after second\u2010generation cryoballoon ablation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 103 patients underwent PV isolation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using second\u2010generation cryoballoons with a single big\u2010balloon 3\u2010minute freeze technique. Cardiac enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was performed both before and a median of 6.0 (4.0\u20138.0) months after the procedure in all. PVST was classified as follows: minimal (&lt;25%), mild (25\u201350%), moderate (50\u201370%), or severe (&gt;70%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 406 PVs were analyzed. MDCT demonstrated PV stenosis in 10(2.5%) PVs among 8(7.8%) patients. In detail, minimal and mild PVSTs were observed in 6 and 4 PVs, respectively. PVST occurred in the left superior (LSPV), left inferior, and right superior PVs in 6, 1, and 3 PVs, respectively. No stenosis was observed in 15 PVs with active balloon deflations during freezing. All PVSTs had concentric patterns except for 2 PVs with minimal stenosis. Balloon deformities were observed during freezing of 2 PVs with mild stenosis. When the PVST was defined as a &gt;25% decreased diameter, the incidence was 0.98% (4\/406; including 3 LSPVs). PVST did not progress further during the follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the incidence of PVST was low, it could occur even if a single big\u2010balloon short freeze technique was applied. The risk of PV stenosis significantly differed among the 4 PVs, and reaching balloon temperatures of \u221260 \u00b0C and active balloon deflations during freezing were not associated with any PV stenosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T15:33:28Z","timestamp":1483025608000},"page":"298-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Second\u2010Generation Cryoballoon Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"JUNJI","family":"MATSUDA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital  Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHINSUKE","family":"MIYAZAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital  Tsuchiura Ibaraki 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