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AF confers a 5\u2010fold risk for thromboembolic stroke as well as a 2\u2010fold higher risk for congestive heart failure, morbidity, and mortality. Although stroke remains an important and impactful complication of AF, recent studies have shown that AF is independently associated with other neurological disorders, including cognitive impairment and dementia, even after adjusting for prior ischemic stroke. We performed a review of the published literature on the association between AF and cognitive status. Further, we reviewed studies investigating the underlying mechanisms for this association and\/or reporting the impact of AF treatment on cognitive function. 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