{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:44:15Z","timestamp":1780667055148,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is effective for slow pathway ablation, but carries a risk of inadvertent AV block requiring permanent pacing. By comparison, cryoablation with a 4\u2010mm distal electrode catheter has not been reported to cause permanent AV block but has been shown to be less effective than RF ablation. We sought to define the safety and efficacy of a 6\u2010mm distal electrode cryoablation catheter for slow pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six U.S. and eight Canadian centers participated in the study. Patients with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) thought likely to be AVNRT were enrolled. If AVNRT was inducible and confirmed to be the clinical SVT, then the slow pathway was targeted with a cryoablation catheter using a standardized protocol of best practices. Acute success was defined as inducibility of no more than one echo beat after cryoablation. Primary efficacy was defined as acute success and the absence of documented recurrent AVNRT over 6 months of follow\u2010up. Primary safety was a composite of serious procedure\u2010related adverse events and\/or device\u2010related complications. Note that 397 subjects met enrollment criteria after the EP study and received cryoablation. Mean ablation procedure duration (including a waiting period) was 89 \u00b1 40\u00a0minutes, and mean fluoroscopy time was 4.8 \u00b1 5.9\u00a0minutes. Isoproterenol was administered before cryoablation in 53% and after the last lesion in 85% of cases. Acute procedural success was realized in 95% (378 of 397) of subjects. No subject received a permanent pacemaker due to AV block. The slow pathway could not be ablated in 19 subjects, including: 12 due to inefficacy, 2 due to transient AV block, and 5 due to both inefficacy and transient AV block. RF ablation was used in the same procedure in 11 of 19 failed subjects, and was ineffective in 3 subjects. Among the group with acute success, 10 subjects (2.7%) had documented recurrent AVNRT over the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up period, and all occurred within 3 months of the index cryoablation. Serious procedure\u2010related adverse events occurred in 4 subjects (1.0%), including one each: tamponade, pulmonary embolism, femoral vein hemorrhage, and diagnostic EP catheter knotting. None of these serious adverse events were related to use of the cryoablation catheter. Overall, 93% of subjects had successful slow pathway ablation at 6 months with the study cryoablation catheter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryoablation for AVNRT using a focal 6\u2010mm catheter was safe and effective. It resulted in a low risk of recurrence over 6 months of follow\u2010up with no incidence of AV block requiring permanent pacing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T08:34:36Z","timestamp":1508229276000},"page":"167-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Intracardiac\u00a0ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia using a 6\u00a0mm distal electrode cryoablation catheter: Prospective, multicenter, North American study (ICY\u2010AVNRT STUDY)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute  Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dubuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Heart Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermountain Healthcare  Ogden UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Francois","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio","family":"Sturmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sacre Coeur Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthEast Heart Care  Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellmont CVA Heart Institute  Kingsport TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett J.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic, Inc.  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Kueffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic, Inc.  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Ellenbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center  Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the ICY\u2010AVNRT Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000091380.04100.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90308-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.07.020","article-title":"Transvenous cryoablation versus radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal re\u2010entry tachycardia: A prospective randomized pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Zrenner B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-012-9732-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eul124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.6.2162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.973651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-017-0254-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2010.02948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-012-9680-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq097"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjce.13367","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.13367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T10:43:32Z","timestamp":1694947412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.13367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.13367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.13367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]}}}