{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:14:59Z","timestamp":1769559299542,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dominant frequency (DF) derived from fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis has failed to guide atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation since it cannot guarantee temporal stability. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis is another frequency analysis that can show the temporal stability of a frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four consecutive patients with persistent AF (PeAF) underwent pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) as the first\u2010time catheter ablation. The PVs and left atrium were mapped and electrograms (EGMs) were recorded for 30 seconds at each site. Pseudo\u2010frequency (PF) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated by CWT analysis. A PF with CV \u2264 10 was defined as a temporally stable PF (sPF). DF was also calculated by traditional FFT analysis from the first 5 seconds of the recorded EGMs. The highest sPF was shown inside the PVs in 20 patients (PV group), and at the non\u2010PV sites in 24 patients (non\u2010PV group). During the follow\u2010up period of 15.3 \u00b1 4.4 months, the ablation success rate in the PV group was significantly higher than that in the non\u2010PV group (90%\u00a0vs. 62%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.023). The location of the highest DF did not have a significant effect on ablation success rate between inside the PVs and at the non\u2010PV sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PVI results for PeAF were significantly worse for patients with highest sPF at the non\u2010PV sites compared to patients with highest sPF sites inside the PVs. CWT analysis during AF could be used to verify whether PVI alone is sufficient for the first\u2010time catheter ablation in patients with PeAF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T14:19:01Z","timestamp":1516889941000},"page":"514-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Temporally stable frequency mapping using continuous wavelet transform analysis in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Kimata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Aita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Nogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenzo","family":"Hirao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Aonuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba  Ibaraki 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