{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:09:23Z","timestamp":1788959363286,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/13\/73\/30352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/13\/73\/30352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ganglionated plexuses (GPs) of the intrinsic cardiac autonomic system are implicated in arrhythmogenesis. GP localization by stimulation of the epicardial fat pads to produce atrioventricular dissociating (AVD) effects is well described. We determined the anatomical distribution of the left atrial GPs that influence atrioventricular (AV) dissociation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>High frequency stimulation was delivered through a Smart\u2010Touch catheter in the left atrium of patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Three dimensional locations of points tested throughout the entire chamber were recorded on the CARTO\u2122 system. Impact on the AV conduction was categorized as ventricular asystole, bradycardia, or no effect. CARTO maps were exported, registered, and transformed onto a reference left atrial geometry using a custom software, enabling data from multiple patients to be overlaid. In 28 patients, 2108 locations were tested and 283 sites (13%) demonstrated (AVD\u2010GP) effects. There were 10 AVD\u2010GPs (interquartile range, 11.5) per patient. Eighty percent (226) produced asystole and 20% (57) showed bradycardia. The distribution of the two groups was very similar. Highest probability of AVD\u2010GPs (&gt;20%) was identified in: inferoseptal portion (41%) and right inferior pulmonary vein base (30%) of the posterior wall, right superior pulmonary vein antrum (31%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is feasible to map the entire left atrium for AVD\u2010GPs before AF ablation. Aggregated data from multiple patients, producing a distribution probability atlas of AVD\u2010GPs, identified three regions with a higher likelihood for finding AVD\u2010GPs and these matched the histological descriptions. This approach could be used to better characterize the autonomic network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T07:36:36Z","timestamp":1535700996000},"page":"1624-1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A novel approach to mapping the atrial ganglionated plexus network by generating a distribution probability atlas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus B.","family":"Sikkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy A.","family":"Haywood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzahir H.","family":"Tayebjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rheeda L.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris D.","family":"Cantwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanney","family":"Gonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda C.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Furniss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Begg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrel P.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phang Boon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick W. F.","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prapa","family":"Kanagaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myocardial Function Section, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-005-2492-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/15.suppl_A.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c150046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199702)247:2<289::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20000801)259:4<353::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2002.00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.32.3.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00167.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_16_1","first-page":"H1365","article-title":"Cardiac responses to electrical stimulation of discrete loci in canine atrial and ventricular ganglionated plexi","volume":"259","author":"Butler CK","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_17_1","first-page":"H775","article-title":"Vagal modulation of adrenergic effects on canine sinus and atrioventricular nodes","volume":"244","author":"Takahashi N","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00239-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2005.50048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.633560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2002.00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.03.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_31_1","first-page":"1989","article-title":"Automated fiducial point selection for reducing registration error in the co\u2010localisation of left atrium electroanatomic and imaging data","volume":"2015","author":"Ali RL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2017.07.008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjce.13723","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.13723","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jce.13723","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.13723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T10:55:00Z","timestamp":1694688900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.13723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.13723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.13723","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}