{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:26:47Z","timestamp":1780504007832,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a breathing disorder caused by the intermittent absence of central respiratory drive. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is a new therapeutic option, recently\u00a0approved by the FDA , for the treatment of CSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the technique used to implant the transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation system (the remed\u0113 System, Respicardia, Inc).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The remed\u0113 System is placed in the pectoral region, typically on the right side. A single stimulation lead is placed in either the left pericardiophrenic vein (PPV) or the right brachiocephalic vein (RBC). A sensing lead is placed into the azygous vein to detect respiration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the remed\u0113 System Pivotal trial, 147 of 151 (97%) patients were successfully implanted with the system. Sixty\u2010two percent of stimulation leads were placed in the PPV and 35% in the RBC. Mean procedure time was 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009hours and 94% of patients were free from implant\u2010related serious adverse events through 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with CSA, transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is an effective and safe therapy with an implant procedure similar to that of cardiac implantable electronic devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T05:27:27Z","timestamp":1551763647000},"page":"792-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["How to implant a phrenic nerve stimulator for treatment of central sleep apnea?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph S.","family":"Augostini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad R.","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advocate Heart Institute Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Westlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respicardia Inc Minnetonka Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Stellbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinikum Bielefeld Bielefeld Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Gutleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhruniversit\u00e4t Bochum Bad Oeynhausen Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjaya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City School of Medicine Saint Luke's Mid\u2010America Heart Institute Kansas City Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeen","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advocate Heart Institute Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Heart and Vascular Clinic St Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Drucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novant Health Cardiology Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Merliss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bryan Medical Center Lincoln Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshfield Clinic Marshfield Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen","family":"Butter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Brandenburg in Bernau\/Berlin &amp; 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