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It is hypothesized that it could be due to lack of durable lesions or the presence of non\u2010PV targets that remain after PVI. Numerous advances in ablation catheter technologies and mapping systems may potentially achieve lower recurrence rates in the future. Ongoing research is required to discover the best technique for persistent AF ablation. The purpose of this review is to describe the new, developing technologies that may improve the outcome of this procedure in the persistent AF population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T04:16:33Z","timestamp":1576124193000},"page":"1809-1821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: Challenges and solutions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Terricabras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southlake Regional Health Centre University of Toronto Newmarket Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Piccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center Duke 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