{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:25:58Z","timestamp":1740137158397,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007497","name":"Biosense Webster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS\u2010331\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS\u2010331\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intra\u2010atrial conduction abnormalities are associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and cause morphological changes of the unipolar atrial electrogram (U\u2010AEGM). This study examined the impact of different atrial programmed electrical stimulation (APES) protocols on U\u2010AEGM morphology to identify the most optimal APES protocol provoking conduction abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>APES techniques (14 protocols) were applied in 30 patients referred for an electrophysiology study, consisting of fixed rate, extra, and decremental stimuli at different frequencies. U\u2010AEGM morphologies including width, amplitude, and fractionation for patients without (control group) and with a history of AF (AF group) were examined during APES. In addition, sinus rhythm (SR) U\u2010AEGMs preceding different APES protocols were compared to evaluate the morphology stability over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>U\u2010AEGM morphologies during SR before the APES protocols were comparable (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.396). Atrial refractoriness was longer in the AF group compared to the control group (298\u2009\u00b1\u200948 vs 255\u2009\u00b1\u200933\u2009ms; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.020), but did not differ between AF patients with and without amiodarone therapy (278\u2009\u00b1\u200948 vs 311\u2009\u00b1\u200940\u2009ms; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u2009.126). Compared to the initial SR morphology, U\u2010AEGM width, amplitude, and fractionation changed significantly during the 14 different APES protocols, particularly in the AF group. In both groups, U\u2010AEGM changes in morphology were most pronounced during fixed\u2010rate stimulation with extra stimuli (8S1\u2010S2\u2009=\u2009400\u2010250\u2009ms).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>APES results in significant changes in U\u2010AEGM morphology, including width, amplitude, and fractionation. The impact of APES differed between APES sequence and between patients with and without AF. These findings suggest that APES could be useful to identify AF\u2010related conduction abnormalities in the individual patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T12:14:51Z","timestamp":1581682491000},"page":"943-951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of atrial programmed electrical stimulation techniques on unipolar electrogram morphology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Knops","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Schram\u2010Serban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"van der Does","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marshall","family":"Croes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2BMedical Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0259-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasja","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.910125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.910901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-015-0061-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.003972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.2.467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000068342.96569.A1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00096-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.11.2762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.977827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.11.4027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Steady\u2010state and nonsteady\u2010state action potentials in fibrillating canine atrium: abnormal rate adaptation and its possible mechanisms","volume":"42","author":"Hara M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Steady\u2010state and nonsteady\u2010state action potentials in fibrillating canine atrium: abnormal rate adaptation and its possible mechanisms. 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