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Although the role of the extrinsic part has historically gained more attention, the intrinsic cardiac ANS may affect cardiac function independently as well as influence the effects of the extrinsic nerves. Catheter\u2010based modulation of the intrinsic cardiac ANS is emerging as a novel therapy for the management of patients with brady and tachyarrhythmias resulting from hyperactive vagal activation. However, the distribution of intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus in the human heart and the functional properties of intrinsic cardiac neural elements remain insufficiently understood. The present review aims to bring the clinical and anatomical elements of the immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity together, by reviewing neuroanatomical terminologies and physiological functions, to guide the clinical electrophysiologist in the catheter lab and to serve as a reference for further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:51:38Z","timestamp":1619743898000},"page":"1737-1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system: What do clinical electrophysiologists need to know about the \u201cheart brain\u201d?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8061-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolga","family":"Aksu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Yeditepe University 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