{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1762999694570,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrographic flow (EGF) mapping is a method to detect action potential sources within the atria. In a double\u2010blinded retrospective study we evaluated whether sources detected by EGF are related to procedural outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>EGF maps were retrospectively generated using the Ablamap\u00ae software from unipolar data recorded with a 64\u2010pole basket catheter from patients who previously underwent focal impulse and rotor modulation\u2010guided ablation. We analyzed patient outcomes based on source activity (SAC) and variability. Freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) was defined as no recurrence of AF, atypical flutter or atrial tachycardia at the follow\u2010up visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EGF maps were from 123 atria in 64 patients with persistent or long\u2010standing persistent AF. Procedural outcome correlation with SAC peaked at &gt;26%. S\u2010type EGF signature (source\u2010dependent AF) is characterized by stable sources with SAC\u2009&gt;\u200926% and C\u2010type (source\u2010independent AF) is characterized by sources with SAC\u2009\u2264\u200926%. Cases with AF recurrence at 3\u2010, 6\u2010, or 12\u2010month follow\u2010up showed a median final SAC 34%; while AF\u2010free patients had sources with significantly lower median final SAC 21% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0006). Patients with final SAC and Variability above both thresholds had 94% recurrence, while recurrence was only 36% for patients with leading source SAC and variability below threshold (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0001). S\u2010type EGF signature post\u2010ablation was associated with an AF recurrence rate 88.5% versus 38.1% with C\u2010type EGF signature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>EGF mapping enables the visualization of active AF sources. Sources with SAC\u2009&gt;\u200926% appear relevant and their presence post\u2010ablation correlates with high rates of AF recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T05:00:41Z","timestamp":1622091641000},"page":"2148-2158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Functional electrographic flow patterns in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation predict outcome of catheter ablation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Tamas","family":"Szili\u2010Torok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Kis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Bhagwandien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sip","family":"Wijchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4520-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sing\u2010Chien","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hoogendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadege","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Haeusser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Geczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Erasmus MC  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7140-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ablacon, Inc.  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