{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:41:23Z","timestamp":1781113283822,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preprocedural computed tomography (CT) to guide percutaneous epicardial puncture for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A preprocedural CT was used to plan the site, angle, and depth of needle insertion during epicardial access in 10 consecutive patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. Adjacent structures (right ventricle, diaphragm, liver, colon, internal mammary artery) were visualized and the course of the needle was planned avoiding these structures. During epicardial access, a protractor was used to guide the angle of needle entry into the subxiphoid space. Postprocedural CT was performed to calculate the deviation between the planned and executed access and to assess for any collateral damage. Percutaneous epicardial access was obtained successfully in all the patients using anterior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) and inferior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) approaches. The planned site and angle of puncture was more caudal (2.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs. 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009cm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.021) and acute (61.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8 vs. 49.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4\u00b0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.011) for an anterior approach compared to an inferior approach, respectively. Postprocedure CT revealed minimal deviation of the puncture site (5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u2009mm), angle (5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00b0), and length of needle insertion (0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009cm). With regard to the site of entry in the pericardial space, there was a deviation of 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1, 6.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1, and 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009mm in the <jats:italic>x, y<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> dimensions, respectively. In eight patients with minimal deviation between planned and executed access, there was no collateral injury to adjacent viscera or vessels. In two patients with increased deviation of angle and length of needle insertion, there was entry through the diaphragm during inferior access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing pre\u2010procedural CT planning may aid in the success and safety of percutaneous epicardial access during VT ablation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T06:38:06Z","timestamp":1629268686000},"page":"2665-2672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["CT\u2010guided percutaneous epicardial access for ventricular tachycardia ablation: A proof\u2010of\u2010concept study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-2785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthiah","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology AIG Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu V.","family":"Ravilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Care Hospitals  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin","family":"Yalagudri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology AIG Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daljeet K.","family":"Saggu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology AIG Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vickram Vignesh","family":"Rangaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology AIG Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"d'Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Service Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7766-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calambur","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology AIG Institute of Cardiac Sciences and Research  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1996.tb00559.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.962217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Basic Human Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure","author":"O'Rahilly R","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DyrdaK PiersSR vanHuls van TaxisCF SchalijMJ ZeppenfeldK. 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