{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:21:35Z","timestamp":1792524095890,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20190902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20190902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z191100006619007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z191100006619007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b2\u2010Blockers are first\u2010line therapy in patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). However, \u03b2\u2010blockers had genotype dependent efficacy (LQT1&gt;LQT2&gt;LQT3). Sodium channel blockers have been recommended as add\u2010on therapy for LQT3 patients. However, the pooled effect of sodium channel blockers in all LQTS patients remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Fixed effects model was used to assess the effect of sodium channel blockers on QTc, cardiac events (CEs), and the proportion of QTc\u2009\u2265\u2009500\u2009ms and QTc\u2009\u2264\u2009460\u2009ms in LQTS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pooled analysis of 14 studies with 213 LQTS (9 LQT1\u2009+\u200963 LQT2\u2009+\u2009135 LQT3\u2009+\u20096 others) patients showed that sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc by nearly 50\u2009ms (mean difference [MD], \u221249.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], \u221257.80 to \u221241.05, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u2009.001), reduced the incidence of CEs (risk ratio [RR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11\u20130.47; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u2009.001) and the proportion of QTc\u2009\u2265\u2009500\u2009ms (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24\u20130.47; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u2009.001), and increased the proportion of QTc\u2009\u2264\u2009460\u2009ms (RR, 10.33; 95% CI, 4.62\u201323.09; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u2009.001). Sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc both in LQT3 and LQT2 patients, while the QTc shortening effect in LQT3 was superior to that in LQT2 (57.39 vs. 36.61\u2009ms). Mexiletine, flecainide, and ranolazine all significantly shortened QTc, and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best (60.70 vs. 49.08 vs. 50.10\u2009ms).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sodium channel blockers can be useful both in LQT3 and LQT2 patients. Mexiletine, flecainide and ranolazine significantly shortened QTc in LQTS patients, and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T14:33:46Z","timestamp":1629815626000},"page":"3057-3067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sodium channel blockers in the management of long QT syndrome types 3 and 2: A system review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0087-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting\u2010ting","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si\u2010yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5843-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-88-0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.007280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.0750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.12.3381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.707877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.01.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.9.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2004.91520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"NIH.The NIH quality assessment tool for case series studies. 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