{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:09:12Z","timestamp":1792109352624,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long\u2010term outcomes of patients with congenital and childhood complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB\/CAVB) after pacemaker implantation are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a meta\u2010analysis of all the studies of CCAVB. A systematic search of PubMed and CENTRAL databases from January 1, 1967 to January 31, 2020 was performed. The quality of studies included was critically appraised using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale, and outcome data were analyzed using the restricted maximum likelihood function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine studies were eligible for analysis, with a total of 1553 patients. The all\u2010cause\u2010mortality was 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5%\u20139.9%), while pacing\u2010induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) was seen in 3.8% (95% CI: 1.2\u20137.2). Diagnosis at birth (effect size [ES] [95%CI]: \u22122.23 [\u22120.36 to \u22120.10]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), presence of congenital heart disease (ES [95%CI]: \u22120.67 [0.41\u20130.93]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), younger age at pacemaker implantation (ES [95%CI]: \u22120.01 [\u22120.02 to \u22120.001]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02), and duration of pacing (ES [95%CI]: \u22120.03 [\u22120.05 to \u22120.003]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03), were associated with an higher mortality on binominal logistic regression. None of the parameters were significant on multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pooled proportional mortality in patients with CCAVB and CAVB is 5.7% with an infrequent incidence of PICM (3.8%) in the paced patients with AVB suggesting that pacing in these patients is an effective management strategy with a low incidence of long\u2010term side effects. Registry and randomized data can throw additional light regarding the natural history and appropriate management strategy in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T04:18:00Z","timestamp":1641961080000},"page":"493-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Outcomes in congenital and childhood complete atrioventricular block: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0405-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayaprakash","family":"Shenthar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dibbendhu","family":"Khanra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameesh","family":"Isath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Centre New York Medical College New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharatraj","family":"Banavalikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshan","family":"Krishnappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology New York University Langone Health New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4657-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danesh","family":"Kella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Piedmont Heart Institute, Rockdale Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore 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