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Key challenges include accurate pre\u2010procedural device sizing and proper device positioning at the LAA ostium to ensure sufficient device anchoring and avoid peri\u2010device leaks. To address these challenges, 3D printing (3DP) of LAA models has recently emerged in the literature, first being described in 2015. We present a review of the benefits and drawbacks of employing this technology for LAAO procedures. Pre\u2010procedurally the use of 3DP can consistently and accurately determine LAAO device size over standard of care approaches. Intra\u2010procedurally 3DP's impact entailed a statistically significant decrease in the number of devices used per procedure, as well as in the fluoroscopic time and dose. Post\u2010procedurally, there is some evidence that 3DP could reduce the rate of peri\u2010device leaks, with limited data on its effect on complication rates. Based on existing evidence, we recommend the focused application of 3DP to cases of complex LAA anatomy and for the training of proceduralists. Lastly, we address the emergence of next generation LAAO devices and AR\/VR systems that could limit even this narrow window of clinical benefit afforded by 3DP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T02:24:24Z","timestamp":1661135064000},"page":"2367-2374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A systematic review of the use of 3D printing in left atrial appendage occlusion procedures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantine","family":"Tarabanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonah","family":"Klapholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohail","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Jankelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00887-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-16-00921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12960"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Watchman left atrial appendage (LAA) closure technology. 2015. 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