{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:11:17Z","timestamp":1791821477606,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) within the blanking period after catheter ablation (CA) is traditionally classified as a transient and benign event. However, recent findings suggest that early recurrence (ER) is associated with late recurrence (LR), challenging the predefined \u201cblanking period\u201d. We aimed to determine the clinical and procedural predictors of ER and LR after CA and establish the risk of LR in patients who experience ER.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective single\u2010centre study including all patients who underwent a first procedure of AF CA between 2017 and 2019. ER was defined as any recurrence of AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia &gt;30\u2009s within 90 days after CA and LR as any recurrence after 90 days of CA. A total of 399 patients were included, 37% women, median age of 58 years [49\u201066] and 77% had paroxysmal AF. Median follow\u2010up was 33 months (from 13 to 61). ER after CA was present in 14% of the patients, and LR was reported in 32%. Among patients who experienced ER, 84% also had LR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Patients with ER had a higher prevalence of moderate\/severe valvular heart disease, persistent AF, previous electrical cardioversion, a larger left atrium, higher coronary artery calcium score, and higher rates of intraprocedural electrical cardioversion and cardiac fibrosis on eletroanatomical mapping compared with patients without ER. After covariate adjustment, ER and female sex were defined as independent predictors of LR (hazard ratio [HR] 4.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99\u20137.35; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 and HR 2.73; 95% CI, 1.47\u20135.10; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of LR after an index procedure of CA was significantly higher in patients with ER (five\u2010fold increased risk). These results support the imperative need to clarify the clinical role of the blanking period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T08:06:44Z","timestamp":1667290004000},"page":"24-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical relevance of the blanking period on late recurrence after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-659X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gualter S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Centro 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Cardiology Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre \u2010 UnIC@RISE Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio S.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre \u2010 UnIC@RISE Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto 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