{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:34:01Z","timestamp":1791225241845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spatial characteristics of localized sources of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) identified by unipolar\u2010based panoramic mapping software (CARTOFINDER) remain unclear. We evaluated spatial characteristics of bi\u2010atrial AF localized sources in relation to complex fractionated atrial electrocardiograms (CFAEs) and atrial low voltage area (LVAs) (\u22640.35\u2009mV during AF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty consecutive patients with persistent AF underwent bi\u2010atrial voltage, CFAE, and CARTOFINDER mapping before the beginning of ablation (18 [90%] patients, initial procedure; 2 [10%] patients, repeat procedure). CFAEs were recorded using the interval confidence level (ICL) mode and defined as sites with a confidence level of \u226580% of maximal ICL number. We elucidated the following: (1) differences in the rate of AF localized sources and CFAEs inside or outside the atrial LVAs; (2) distribution of AF localized sources and CFAEs; and (3) distance between the closest points of AF localized sources and CFAEs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 270 AF localized sources and 486 CFAEs were identified in 20 patients. AF localized sources were confirmed more often outside atrial LVAs than CFAEs (71% vs. 46% outside LVA, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). AF localized sources and CFAEs were diffusely distributed without any tendency in bi\u2010atria. Mean distance between closest AF localized sources and CFAEs was 22\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>AF localized sources identified by CARTOFINDER are different therapeutic targets as compared to CFAEs and could be confirmed both inside and outside atrial LVAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T21:37:19Z","timestamp":1669325839000},"page":"337-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spatial relationship of localized sources of persistent atrial fibrillation identified by a unipolar\u2010based automated algorithm to complex fractionated atrial electrocardiograms and atrial low voltage areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Nagase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Higashiyamato Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Higashiyamato Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Nanasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Isobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakakibara Heart Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2021.100717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.002962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.09.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-021-01115-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-021-01773-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Does the extent of left atrial arrhythmogenic substrate depend on the electroanatomical mapping technique: impact of pulmonary vein mapping catheter vs. ablation catheter","volume":"19","author":"Huemer M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.15755","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jce.15755","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.15755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T14:13:53Z","timestamp":1692540833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.15755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.15755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.15755","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}