{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T17:33:04Z","timestamp":1783963984027,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mapping and ablation through the coronary venous system (CVS) have shown potential for ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular summit (LVS). Multielectrode catheters and balloons are frequently used for mapping and venous ethanol ablation (VEA). However, there is limited data on the venous size and drainage condition in the LVS region. This study aimed to investigate the morphology, angiographic size, and drainage condition of LV summit veins via high\u2010speed rotational angiography (RA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured and analyzed the size of the great cardiac vein (GCV), the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), veins near to the LVS, and other main tributaries of CVS in 102 patients undergoing electrophysiology study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rotational retrograde angiography of LVS was successfully performed in 81 patients. The diameter of GCV at the level of the Vieussens valve and the distal end of GCV (junction of GCV\u2010AIV) was larger in males than females (6.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 vs. 5.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs. 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002, respectively) while no significant gender differences were observed in other tributaries. The LV summit veins presented downward drainage direction in half of the patients, indicating potential anatomic adjacency with His bundle. Left anterior oblique (LAO) 45\u00b0 projection might provide the practical and optimal view of the LV summit veins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronary veins of the LVS region present various anatomical morphologies and ostium sizes. We provide a systematic description and angiographic size spectrum of CVS. RA could facilitate assessing the feature of CVS comprehensively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T09:30:06Z","timestamp":1694597406000},"page":"2296-2304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Venous anatomy of the left ventricular summit region: Insights from high\u2010speed rotational retrograde angiography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0528-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijie","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8152-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongda","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sixian","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital National, Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 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