{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:17:51Z","timestamp":1790572671430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite undergoing an index ablation, some patients progress from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) to persistent AF (PersAF), and the mechanism behind this is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of progression to PersAF after catheter ablation in patients with PAF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 400 PAF patients who underwent an index ablation between 2015 and 2019. The patients were classified into three groups based on their outcomes: Group 1 (PAF to sinus rhythm, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009226), Group 2 (PAF to PAF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009146), and Group 3 (PAF to PersAF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928). Baseline and procedural characteristics were collected, and predictors for AF recurrence and progression were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the patients was 58.4\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1 years, with 272 males. After 3 years of follow\u2010up, 7% of the PAF cases recurred and progressed to PersAF despite undergoing an index catheter ablation. In the multivariable analysis, a larger left atrial (LA) diameter and the presence of non\u2010pulmonary vein (PV) triggers during the index procedure independently predicted recurrence. Moreover, a larger LA diameter, the presence of non\u2010PV triggers, and a history of thyroid disease independently predicted AF progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The progression from PAF to PersAF after catheter ablation is associated with a larger LA diameter, history of thyroid disease, and the presence of non\u2010PV triggers. Meticulous preprocedural evaluation, patient selection, and comprehensive provocation tests during catheter ablation are recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T06:56:09Z","timestamp":1697093769000},"page":"2504-2513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors predicting the progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation despite an index catheter ablation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Guan\u2010Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Moustafa","family":"Elimam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology King Abdulaziz Universty Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9102-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Wei","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yenn\u2010Jiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7030-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Lin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Feng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fa\u2010Po","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6587-3094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tze\u2010Fan","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u2010Nan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An Khanh\u2010 Nu","family":"Ton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Tam Duc Cardiology Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dony","family":"Yugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Division of Arrhythmia Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Northern Beaches Hospital Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta\u2010Chuan","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Heng","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010Huei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chheng","family":"Chhay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Khmer Soviet\u2010Friendship Hospital Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Han","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Tso","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9085-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Taichung Veterans General Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.920429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01420-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00828.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01731-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411103311901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.20.2219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00926363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.0592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-018-1272-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2019.30.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056109"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.16100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T15:55:21Z","timestamp":1703260521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.16100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.16100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.16100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}