{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:20:50Z","timestamp":1777162850488,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death in the United States (US). Social determinants of health may impact CA outcomes. We aimed to assess mortality trends, disparities, and the influence of the social vulnerability index (SVI) on CA outcomes in the young.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis of age\u2010adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) related to CA in the United States from the Years 1999 to 2020 in individuals aged 35 years and younger. Data were obtained from death certificates and analyzed using log\u2010linear regression models. We examined disparities in mortality rates based on demographic variables. We also explored the impact of the SVI on CA mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4792 CA deaths in the young were identified. Overall AAMR decreased from 0.20 in 1999 to 0.14 in 2020 with an average annual percentage change of \u22121.3% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). Black (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.30) and male populations (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.14) had higher AAMR compared with White (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.11) and female (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.11) populations, respectively. Nonmetropolitan (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.29) and Southern (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.26) regions were also impacted by higher AAMR compared with metropolitan (<jats:italic>AAMR<\/jats:italic>: 0.11) and other US census regions, respectively. A higher SVI was associated with greater mortality risks related to CA (<jats:italic>risk ratio<\/jats:italic>: 1.82 [95% CI, 1.77\u20131.87]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis of CA in the young revealed disparities based on demographics, with a decline in AAMR from 1999 to 2020. There is a correlation between a higher SVI and increased CA mortality risk, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions to address these disparities effectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:13:03Z","timestamp":1699006383000},"page":"35-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mortality trends, disparities, and social vulnerability in cardiac arrest mortality in the young: A cross\u2010sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ramzi","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahek","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komandoor","family":"Srivathsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sorajja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin Z.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1510687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.006970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02481-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.16.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. CDC\/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index.https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/placeandhealth\/svi\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics. CDC wonder: multiple cause of death 1999\u20132020.Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Selecting the number of change\u2010points in segmented line regression","volume":"19","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Statistica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Joinpoint regression program vDoCCPS.National Cancer Institute. 2023.https:\/\/surveillance.cancer.gov\/joinpoint\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2006.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0446-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.1.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.6.1102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40138-016-0118-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.11320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2017-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.101689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X11666141122220003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1651"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.16112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T08:06:43Z","timestamp":1705651603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.16112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.16112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.16112","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}