{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:52:57Z","timestamp":1780087977395,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following new concepts by Bichat in the early 19th century, of organic and animal life centered around the ganglionic nervous system, over 100 years of anatomic studies and physiologic experimentation eventually resulted in Gaskell's 1916 book entitled \u201cThe Involuntary Nervous System\u201d and Langley's 1921 book entitled \u201cThe Autonomic Nervous System.\u201d Neurology and cardiology emerged as specialties of medicine in the early 20th century. Although neurology made several prominent discoveries in neurophysiology during the first half of the 20th century, cardiology developed coronary care units and cardiac catheterization in the 1960s. Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart and noninvasive ambulatory monitoring provided new methodologies to study clinical cardiac arrhythmias. Experimentally, direct cardiac nerve stimulation of sympathetic nerve endings, as well as parasympathetic control of the atrioventricular node, provided the background to new detailed autonomic studies of the heart. Neurocardiology, perhaps initially more directed towards our understanding of sudden cardiac death, ultimately embraced an even significantly more complex scheme of local circuit neurons and near\u2010endless loops of interconnecting neurons in the heart. Intrathoracic extracardiac and intracardiac ganglia have been recharacterized, both anatomically and physiologically, laying the groundwork for potential new therapies of cardiac neuromodulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:54:32Z","timestamp":1717142072000},"page":"1665-1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The autonomic nervous system and the origins of neurocardiology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2061-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Lemery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Medical History Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Arizona Heart Rhythm Center Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"BichatX.Anatomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale appliqu\u00e9e a la physiologie et a la m\u00e9decine. 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