{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:10:02Z","timestamp":1787015402246,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transvenous lead removal (TLR) is a Class I indication for patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. However, disparities in the utilization of TLR have not been fully explored, particularly concerning demographic and socioeconomic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to examine whether disparities exist among patients hospitalized for CIED infections with respect to the utilization of TLR, focusing on sex, race, and income characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized the 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to assess patients hospitalized with CIED infections and identify those who underwent TLR. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for TLR utilization, including age, sex, race\/ethnicity, and socioeconomic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 56\u2009709 patients were hospitalized for CIED infection in the United States in 2019, of which 9867 (17.4%) underwent TLR. On an adjusted analysis, females and Black patients were found to have lower odds of undergoing TLR compared to males and White patients (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.59\u20130.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01; and OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.39\u20130.57;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01, respectively). Hispanic patients also had reduced odds of TLR (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58\u20130.93;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). No significant associations were observed between income or insurance status and the likelihood of receiving TLR after adjustment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified significant disparities in the utilization of TLR among patients hospitalized for CIED infections. Female, Black, and Hispanic patients were significantly less likely to receive TLR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T01:49:28Z","timestamp":1749692968000},"page":"1938-1947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex, Race, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Utilization of Transvenous Lead Removal for Patients Hospitalized With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam","family":"Elbenawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsh P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain Ul Abideen","family":"Asad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Bilal","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurukripa N.","family":"Kowlgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Z.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas Y.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Sugrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5052-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9835-5536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Asirvatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"DeSimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7694-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siva K.","family":"Mulpuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5897-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong\u2010Mei","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher V.","family":"DeSimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular 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