{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:16:00Z","timestamp":1784736960377,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening of asymptomatic\/occult atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging. This study aimed to use a deep learning model to predict hidden AF in patients who showed normal sinus rhythm (SR) during 24\u2010h Holter monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled 934 patients receiving 24\u2010h ambulatory Holter monitoring. Of them, 640 patients (AF group) had the documented paroxysmal AF in the index Holter monitoring. The rest of 294 patients (Control group) did not have medical record of AF and the index Holter exam did not detect AF. A ConvNeXt model (1st stage) and Long Short\u2010Term Memory (LSTM) (2nd stage) was used to predict the probability of AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>368,550 eligible SR ECG segments (60\u2009s\/segment) were taken into 1st staged classification, and the Area Under Curve (AUC) was 0.7755 with accuracy of 0.7755, sensitivity of 0.9105, and specificity of 0.5718. After 2nd staged classification (10\u2010min SR ECG recording), the AUC reached 0.874 (accuracy of 0.8213, sensitivity of 0.8339, and specificity of 0.8115). The fact that longer time length examined in the 2nd stage leaded to a dilution of features more related to AF might decrease specificity compared with 1st stage. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that night\u2010time settings had better performance (AUC: 0.902 in night\u2010time, 0.8726 in day\u2010time).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed an AI\u2010enabled model with 10\u2009min ECG recording from ambulatory Holter monitoring during SR to predict hidden AF with high accuracy. Subgroup analysis according to the diurnal period, night\u2010time settings showed more favorable performance compared to day\u2010time recordings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:49:38Z","timestamp":1753436978000},"page":"2808-2815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Artificial Intelligence\u2010Enabled Short\u2010Term Ambulatory Monitoring ECG During Sinus Rhythm for Prediction of Hidden Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting\u2010Yung","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song\u2010Po","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui\u2010Hung","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan\u2010Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"King\u2010Chu","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Mei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0545-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Lin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Examination, Healthcare and Services Center Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yenn\u2010Jiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Wei","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Feng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7461-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fa\u2010Po","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31721-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer\u2010Assisted Intervention\u2013MICCAI 2015: 18th International Conference, Munich, Germany, October 5\u20109, 2015, Proceedings, Part III 18","author":"Ronneberger PF O.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC.2004.1442950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"6105","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Le MTaQ","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1994.266.4.H1565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081797"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.906780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00966-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-015-1243-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab648"},{"issue":"149","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"2024","author":"Joglar J. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01698-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2023.2197686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.034154"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.70028","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jce.70028","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.70028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:11:03Z","timestamp":1777461063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.70028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.70028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.70028","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}