{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:34:37Z","timestamp":1786714477526,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrio\u2010esophageal fistula is a rare but devastating complication from thermal esophageal injury during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Modifying ablation energy delivery and placement of esophageal temperature probes (ETPs) have been employed to mitigate the risk of thermal esophageal injury. Our study sought to compare the effects of return electrode location, insulation of the ETP, and use of high\u2010power short\u2010duration (HPSD) ablation on esophageal temperature, ETP temperature measurement, and thermal lesion dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A myocardial phantom gel model using thermochromic material was used to approximate the atrio\u2010esophageal environment. Irrigated ablations were performed at 30\u2009W\/20\u2009s (low\u2010power long duration [LPLD]) and 50\u2009W\/5\u2009s (HPSD) with variation of return electrode position and insulation of the ETP. Temperatures were continuously logged, and digital photography with in\u2010house software was performed to examine lesion dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Distant placement of a return electrode compared to proximal placement decreased peak esophageal temperature (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>Peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) across LPLD (41.73\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12\u00b0C vs. 39.23\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15\u00b0C;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and HPSD ablations (39.17\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u00b0C vs. 38.13\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u00b0C;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Insulation of the ETP reduced T\n                      <jats:sub>Peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      across LPLD (39.13\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25\u00b0C vs. 41.73\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12\u00b0C;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and HPSD ablation (39.17\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u00b0C vs. 38.27\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u00b0C;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). HPSD ablation produced lower mean\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>Peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      than LPLD regardless of the location of the return electrode location or insulation of the ETP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HPSD settings, insulation of the ETP, and a distant return electrode placement minimized esophageal heating. These strategies may reduce thermal injury to the esophagus during radiofrequency ablation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:17:31Z","timestamp":1761542251000},"page":"233-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Minimizing Esophageal Heating During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shayekh","family":"Abedin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3664-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingzhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart P.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre C.","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac190"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"874","article-title":"Five Seconds of 50\u201060 W Radio Frequency Atrial Ablations Were Transmural and Safe: An In Vitro Mechanistic Assessment and Force\u2010Controlled In Vivo Validation","volume":"19","author":"Bhaskaran A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-017-0263-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.551291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013224110550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00108.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","article-title":"Anterior Position of Dispersive Patch for Esophageal Protection During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. A Pilot Feasibility Study","volume":"23","author":"Futyma P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.05.011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.70158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jce.70158","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jce.70158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T12:57:14Z","timestamp":1786712234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jce.70158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jce.70158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.70158","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}