{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:34:34Z","timestamp":1786714474927,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulsed\u2010field ablation (PFA) offers myocardial selectivity with minimal thermal injury, but depth for ventricular lesions may be insufficient or heterogeneous at clinically tolerable field strengths. Calcium electroporation\u2014local calcium chloride (CaCl\u2082) infusion after PFA\u2014may amplify electroporation\u2010mediated cell death while maintaining low energy settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether immediate post\u2010PFA CaCl\u2082 infusion enhances acute and chronic ventricular lesion formation in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine swine underwent focal ventricular PFA (750\u20131000\u2009V, biphasic, 20\u2009\u03bcs\u2009\u00d7\u200950 pulses, 200\u2009ms interpulse) via an irrigated focal catheter and benchtop electroporator. Immediately post\u2010PFA, lesions were randomized to saline, 0.2\u2009g Ca, or 0.4\u2009g Ca infused locally through the catheter tip. Acute hearts were explanted for TTC analysis; surviving animals were studied at 7 days for chronic lesion geometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 41 acute lesions (17 control, 12 Ca 0.2\u2009g, 12 Ca 0.4\u2009g), Ca 0.4\u2009g increased dark\u2010zone depth (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 vs. 2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038) and pale\u2010zone depth (2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 vs. 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) versus control. At 7 days (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933 lesions), Ca 0.4\u2009g produced larger scars than control (width 11.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 vs. 10.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027; depth 4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091 vs. 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; volume 193.6.4\u2009\u00b1\u200982.3 vs. 109.4\u2009\u00b1\u200948.2\u2009mm\u00b3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local CaCl\u2082 infusion after ventricular PFA significantly augments acute electroporation effect and chronic lesion size at low output, supporting facilitated PFA as a strategy for deeper, more durable ventricular ablation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.70228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:03:58Z","timestamp":1766376238000},"page":"374-380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Local Calcium Chloride Infusion Enhances Acute and Chronic Efficacy of Ventricular Pulsed\u2010Field Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2154-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Koya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikram U.","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Tri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service Brigham and Woman's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Asirvatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duy T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 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