{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:01:30Z","timestamp":1780498890654,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping cardiac electrophysiology by extracting information from electrocardiograms that exceeds human visual interpretation. While most AI applications have focused on arrhythmia detection and risk stratification, a newer and more targeted use case is emerging: noninvasive localisation of arrhythmia origins from a standard 12\u2010lead electrocardiogram (ECG). This review examines the current evidence supporting AI\u2010driven ECG\u2010based localisation of arrhythmogenic foci, with an emphasis on accessory pathways and idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Recent machine learning and deep learning models have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting anatomical sites of origin. These advances suggest that AI can capture subtle spatiotemporal electrical patterns that correlate with specific cardiac regions, offering a form of virtual pre\u2010procedural mapping. Early clinical data indicate that AI\u2010informed localisation may shorten procedure duration, reduce fluoroscopy exposure, and improve ablation efficiency without compromising safety. The review also discusses key technical innovations, including convolutional neural networks, multimodal data integration, and strategies to enhance model generalisability and interpretability. Important challenges remain, particularly around external validation, data quality, clinician trust, and workflow integration. Nevertheless, AI\u2010driven ECG localisation represents a conceptual shift from diagnostic support toward therapeutic guidance in electrophysiology. As validation studies and translational research advance, this technology has the potential to transform pre\u2010procedural planning and intraprocedural decision\u2010making, thereby making arrhythmia ablation more precise, efficient, and accessible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:41:49Z","timestamp":1773808909000},"page":"847-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Intelligence Enabled Noninvasive Mapping of Cardiac Arrhythmia Origins Using the 12\u2010Lead Electrocardiogram"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Antoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkassem","family":"Alkhayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Guys and St Thomas Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelrazik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0317-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Eldesouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaung Myat","family":"Thu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mokhtar","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyaz","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Andr\u00e9 Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Clinical Science Wing, University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Leicester Research Biomedical Centre Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12101102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1596574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipej.2025.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/RCM41523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14248824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87631-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.809027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Electrophysiology: Enhancing Mapping and Ablation Precision","volume":"10","author":"Tran H. 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