{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T20:43:15Z","timestamp":1769114595890,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Human Services","award":["N01-HC-35130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC-35130"]}]},{"name":"Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN268201100036C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100036C"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"US Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Pfizer, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcium channel blockers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>) are an important class of medication useful in the treatment of hypertension. Several observational studies have suggested an association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCB<\/jats:styled-content> therapy and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. Using administrative databases, the authors re\u2010examined in a post\u2010hoc analysis whether the Antihypertensive and Lipid\u2010Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALLHAT<\/jats:styled-content>) participants randomized to the CCB amlodipine had a greater risk of hospitalized GI bleeding (a prespecified outcome) compared with those randomized to the diuretic chlorthalidone or the angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril. Participants randomized to chlorthalidone did not have a reduced risk for GI bleeding hospitalizations compared with participants randomized to amlodipine (hazard ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR]<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI],<\/jats:styled-content> 0.92\u20131.28). Those randomized to lisinopril were at increased risk of GI bleeding compared with those randomized to chlorthalidone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.16; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.00\u20131.36). In a post\u2010hoc comparison, participants assigned to lisinopril therapy had a higher risk of hospitalized GI hemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.27; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI,<\/jats:styled-content> 1.06\u20131.51) vs those assigned to amlodipine. In\u2010study use of atenolol prior to first GI hemorrhage was related to a lower incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> bleeding (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.69; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.57\u20130.83). Hypertensive patients on amlodipine do not have an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> bleeding hospitalizations compared with those taking either chlorthalidone or lisinopril.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T19:48:48Z","timestamp":1375904928000},"page":"825-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Risk of Hospitalized Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Persons Randomized to Diuretic, <scp>ACE<\/scp>\u2010Inhibitor, or Calcium\u2010Channel Blocker in <scp>ALLHAT<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Davis CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda B.","family":"Piller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff D.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center Milwaukee WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Z. A.","family":"Jafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CrystalRun HealthCare Middletown NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula T.","family":"Einhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Oparil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curt D.","family":"Furberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Grimm, Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berman Center for Outcomes &amp; Clinical Research Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Alderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry R.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health Houston TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Probstfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Medical Center Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000229653.73128.b6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)05381-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04311-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02527-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02526-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)10327-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199715110-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.2981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.16.2073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.4.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90276-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/31.3.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.12.1849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2000.104787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7081.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.13.1503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(91)90298-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80516-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000139008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648858","article-title":"The calcium modulator nifedipine exerts its antiaggregatory property via a nitric oxide mediated process","volume":"72","author":"Berkels R","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000231662.77359.de"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(96)00037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(01)00176-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(01)00177-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1955.10501294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"The Antihypertensive and Lipid\u2010Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial protocol.http:\/\/allhat.sph.uth.tmc.edu\/Forms\/protocol.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).International classification of diseases ninth revision clinical modification (ICD\u20109\u2010CM).http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd9cm.htm. Accessed May 9 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00239-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90837-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200302000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05202-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00695-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage","volume":"155","author":"Laine L","year":"1991","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0621-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-006-9005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.13.1746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.102929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04482.x"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjch.12180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjch.12180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jch.12180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T13:23:59Z","timestamp":1696253039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jch.12180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jch.12180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.12180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-6175","1751-7176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-6175","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]}}}