{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:36:30Z","timestamp":1790422590363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"\n Nighttime blood pressure strongly predicts cardiovascular events (\n CVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). Further, a preliminary trial has shown decreased\n CVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n s from evening vs morning dosing of antihypertensive therapy. Is there additional evidence for evening dosing? The authors systematically classified all hypertension trials as evening dosing trials (\n EDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) or usual dosing trials (\n UDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). Meta\u2010analyses provided standardized hazard ratios for\n CVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n s for\n EDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n \n HR\n EDT<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n ) and\n UDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n \n HR\n UDT<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n ).\n \n HR\n EDT<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \n HR\n UDT<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n gave the relative risk (\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) from evening vs usual dosing. Among 175 trials, 5\n EDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were discovered. The\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n for\n CVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (95% confidence limits) from evening vs usual dosing was 0.63 (0.43\u20130.92;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.016). After adjustment for drug class, the\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 0.54 (0.34\u20130.85;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.008). Unlike other\n EDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (\n HOPE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) study administered its entire antihypertensive dose prior to sleep and gave the greatest risk reduction. This study provides a third type of evidence suggesting a beneficial effect from evening dosing of antihypertensive therapy. Head\u2010to\u2010head, multicenter trials are needed to test this strategy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T01:44:55Z","timestamp":1405475095000},"page":"561-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Evening Dosing of Antihypertensive Therapy to Reduce Cardiovascular Events: A Third Type of Evidence Based on a Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"George C.","family":"Roush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCONN School of Medicine and St. Vincent's Medical Center 2800 Main St Bridgeport CT 06606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadesola","family":"Fapohunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCONN School of Medicine and St. Vincent's Medical Center 2800 Main St Bridgeport CT 06606"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Kostis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute UMDNJ\u2010Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03130240070013","article-title":"Effects of dosing on morbidity in hypertension. 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