{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:52:50Z","timestamp":1790052770644,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this 2\u2010year multicentric, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled study was to evaluate the long\u2010term effects and adverse effects of spironolactone on chronic dialysis patients. A total of 253 non\u2013heart failure dialysis patients with end\u2010stage renal disease were randomly assigned to 2\u2010year treatment with spironolactone (25\u00a0mg once daily, n=125) or a matching placebo (n=128) as add\u2010on therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiocerebrovascular (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) events, aborted cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death, and the secondary outcome was death from all causes. Other\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related indexes such as left ventricular mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate variability, vascular endothelial function, and blood pressure\u2013lowering effect were analyzed for patients who completed the whole 2\u2010year follow\u2010up study. Sociodemographic, clinical, and relevant laboratory data were also collected. During the 2\u2010year follow\u2010up, the primary outcome occurred less frequently in the spironolactone group vs the control group (7.2% vs 18.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ], 0.26\u20130.78). Death from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    events occurred in 4.0% of patients in the spironolactone group and in 11.7% of patients in the control group. Neither aborted cardiac arrest nor sudden cardiac death was significantly reduced by spironolactone treatment. The secondary outcome occurred less frequently in the spironolactone group vs the control group (9.6% vs 19.5%; adjusted\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , 0.52; 95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , 0.29\u20130.94). Other\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related indexes except for heart rate variability were significantly improved. This study demonstrates that use of low\u2010dose spironolactone in non\u2013heart failure dialysis patients can effectively reduce the risks of both\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    morbidity and mortality with few side effects. Moreover, the beneficial effect was mediated through improving the endothelial function or reducing left ventricular\u00a0size independent of blood pressure changes, rather than mediation through changes in salt or potassium handling in\u00a0the kidney.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T05:50:31Z","timestamp":1438235431000},"page":"121-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Long\u2010Term Effects of Low\u2010Dose Spironolactone on Chronic Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Placebo\u2010Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"ChongTing","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hemodialysis Room Yantaishan Hospital Taishan Medical College Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urinary Internal Medicine Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University School of Medicine Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HuiFang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hemodialysis Room Yantaishan Hospital Taishan Medical College Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AiXia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hemodialysis Room Yantaishan Hospital Taishan Medical College Shandong 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