{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T23:05:06Z","timestamp":1754262306310},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrarenal hemodynamics depend on blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>), heart rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>), and smoking. Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> levels have been associated with kidney function, the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> levels, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP,<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> variability on renal function are less well clarified. This cross\u2010sectional study sought to determine the association of 24\u2010hour <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> variability with kidney function in hypertensive patients, stratified by smoking. The study comprised 9600 nondiabetic, never\u2010treated hypertensive individuals without evident renal impairment examined from 1985 to 2014 (aged 53.3\u00b113.4\u00a0years, 55.3% males). The 24\u2010hour systolic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> variability were estimated via their coefficient of variation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>=standard deviation\u00d7100\/mean value) derived from ambulatory recording. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010to\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>HR<\/jats:styled-content> ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>R<\/jats:styled-content>) was used as a marker of the interplay between 24\u2010hour <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> variability. Renal function was estimated via 24\u2010hour urine creatinine clearance (CrCl), estimated glomerular filtration rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>), albumin\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACR<\/jats:styled-content>), and 24\u2010hour urine \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin. After adjustment for age, sex, and smoking, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>SBP<\/jats:styled-content> was\u00a0found to be weakly correlated to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=\u22120.017, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.1) and somewhat more strongly to CrCl, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACR,<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=\u22120.032, 0.072, and 0.065; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.002, &lt;.001 and &lt;.001, respectively). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>HR<\/jats:styled-content> was much better related to renal function, with stronger adjusted correlations to CrCl, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> ACR<\/jats:styled-content>, and \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.185, 0.134, \u22120.306, \u22120.247; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001, respectively). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>R<\/jats:styled-content> also showed equally good adjusted correlations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=\u22120.175, \u22120.125, 0.336, 0.262; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001, respectively). Most adjusted correlations for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>HR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>R<\/jats:styled-content> were even better in smokers (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.213, 0.158, \u22120.332, \u22120.272 and \u22120.183, \u22120.118, 0.351, 0.275, respectively; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>HR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>R<\/jats:styled-content> emerge as better related to kidney function than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>SBP<\/jats:styled-content>, especially in smokers. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">The correlation of C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>HR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>SBP<\/jats:styled-content> to renal function is inverse to each other. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACR<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin are better related to variability indices than CrCl and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>. However, causal relations cannot be proved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T07:16:47Z","timestamp":1438586207000},"page":"938-943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correlation of 24\u2010Hour Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability to Renal Function Parameters in Hypertensive Patients. The Effect of Smoking"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Charalampos I.","family":"Liakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Cardiology Department Hippokration Hospital University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva A.","family":"Karpanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Cardiology Clinic Antihypertension Center Onassis Cardiosurgery Center Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Markou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Cardiology Department Hippokration Hospital University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalampos A.","family":"Grassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department ESH Center of Excellence for Hypertension \u201cKAT\u201d General Hospital of Attica Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Vyssoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Cardiology Department Hippokration Hospital University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/2.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2012.681082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"3825","article-title":"Heart rate variability and renal organ damage in hypertensive patients","volume":"2012","author":"Melillo P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199912270-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.127893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000093461.36097.D5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200209000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.050955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Position statement: standards of medical care in diabetes\u20132012","volume":"35","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Statistical modelling of 10\u2010year fatal cardiovascular disease risk in Greece: the HellenicSCORE (a calibration of the ESC SCORE project)","volume":"48","author":"Panagiotakos DB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"408A","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and ESRD incidence in men screened for the MRFIT [Abstract]","volume":"6","author":"Whelton PK","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200000190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519609088816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.5.B219"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjch.12640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjch.12640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jch.12640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:10:24Z","timestamp":1696522224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jch.12640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jch.12640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.12640","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-6175","1751-7176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-6175","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]}}}