{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T09:10:31Z","timestamp":1772356231362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High salt\/sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to examine the association between salt consumption and salt\u2010related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in Nepal. The cross\u2010sectional data used in this study were collected as part of the community\u2010based management of non\u2010communicable diseases project (COBIN) to understand the amount and KAP related to salt consumption in Nepal. Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression was performed to assess the association of salt\u2010related KAP and determinants of high salt consumption in Nepal. The mean per capita salt intake was 8.0 (\u00b13.7) g\/day, with 81.6% of the population reporting higher intake than the WHO recommendation of &lt;5\u00a0g\/day. People of upper castes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u00a0=\u00a00.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5\u20100.9], people in large families (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.6; 95% CI: 0.5\u20100.7), respondents who were advised to lower salt intake (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.6; 95% CI: 0.4\u20100.9) and who checked salt\/sodium labels in food (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.6; 95% CI: 0.4\u20100.9) were less likely to consume higher amounts of salt. Similarly, people who added extra salt to their food at the table (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.4; 95 CI: 1.1\u20101.9) and who reported consuming high amounts of salt (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.5; 95% CI: 1.1\u20102.3) were more likely to have high salt intake. High salt intake was documented in this population. This study suggests the need for culturally tailored community\u2010based behavior modification through health education and dietary counseling to effectively reduce salt consumption and thereby support a reduction in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Nepal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1556292706000},"page":"739-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to salt consumption in Nepal: Findings from the community\u2010based management of non\u2010communicable diseases project in Nepal (COBIN)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0548-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Development Society Chitwan Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara Ballav","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Development Society Chitwan Nepal"},{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anupa","family":"Rijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Development Society Chitwan Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Kallestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Development Society Chitwan Nepal"},{"name":"The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Reducing salt intake in populations: Report of a WHO forum and technical meeting, Paris, France","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5049\/EBP.2014.12.1.7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12402","article-title":"2014 dietary salt fact sheet of the world hypertension league, international society of hypertension, pan American health organization technical advisory group on cardiovascular disease prevention through dietary salt reduction, the world health organization collaborating centre on population salt reduction, and world action on salt & health","volume":"17","author":"Campbell NR","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"A Comprehensive Global Monitoring Framework Including Indicators and a Set of Voluntary Global Targets for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-92"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-4832(12)60045-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Study of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in a suburban area of Kathmandu","volume":"58","author":"Sharma D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nepal. 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