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This number is rising and expected to reach approximately 520 million by 2030. The risk of hypertension and cognitive impairment\/dementia increases with age. Recent data also show that the prevalence of hypertension and age\u2010related dementia are rising in Asian countries. Moreover, not many people in Asian countries are aware of the relationship between hypertension and cognitive impairment\/dementia. Furthermore, hypertension control is poorer in Asia than in developed countries. Hypertension is known to be a major risk factor for damage to target organs, including the brain. Decreased cognitive function can indicate the presence of target organ damage in the brain. Twenty\u2010four\u2010hour blood pressure profiles and blood pressure variability have been associated with cognitive impairment and\/or silent cerebral diseases, such as silent cerebral infarction or white matter lesions, which are predisposing conditions for cognitive impairment and dementia. Hypertension that occurs in midlife also affects the incidence of cognitive impairments in later life. 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