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The authors explored whether retinal microvascular calibers differed with the degree of renal impairment and between the standard and extended optic disk and may serve as a simple additional tool for risk stratification in this highly vulnerable patient cohort. The authors analyzed central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalent calibers (CRAE, CRVE) at different retinal zones (zone B&amp;C) using digital retinal imaging in hypertensive patients with stage 2 (n\u00a0=\u00a066) or stage 3 CKD (n\u00a0=\u00a030). Results were adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c, and 24\u2010hour diastolic blood pressure. Mean eGFR was 77.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.9 and 48.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.9\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for stage 2 and 3 CKD, respectively. CRAE and CRVE in zones B and C were significantly lower in patients with stage 3 CKD compared to patients with stage 2 CKD (CRAE\u2010B:141.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.4 vs. 130.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.9\u00a0\u00b5m, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.030; CRAE\u2010C:137.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.4 vs 129.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.2\u00a0\u00b5m, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.049; CRVE\u2010B:220.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a033.0 vs. 206.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a028.4\u00a0\u00b5m, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004; and CRVE\u2010C:215.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a033.0 vs. 201.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025.1\u00b5m, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003). In patients with stage 2 CKD, CRAE\u2010B was higher than CRAE\u2010C (141.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.4 vs. 137.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.4\u00b5m, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). In contrast, such a difference was not found in patients with stage 3 CKD. CRAE of both retinal zones correlated with eGFR for the entire cohort. In patients with stage 3 CKD, retinal narrowing is more pronounced compared to patients with stage 2 CKD. Whether the novel observation of difference in arteriolar caliber between zones B and C in stage 2 CKD could serve as an early marker of CKD progression warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T11:56:34Z","timestamp":1608378994000},"page":"309-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Microvascular changes at different stages of chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Kannenkeril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre School of Medicine \u2010 Royal Perth Hospital Unit \/ Medical Research Foundation University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg 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