{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:25:24Z","timestamp":1791519924258,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are no nationwide surveys on antihypertensive drugs in China. In order to assess the current status of antihypertensive drug therapy in patients with hypertension and analyzed factors that may affect combination therapy, using convenience sampling, we recruited 305,624 patients with hypertension from the Chinese Cardiovascular Association Database\u2010Hypertension Center between January 2019 and December 2021. Chi\u2010squared test was performed to analyze the administered antihypertensive drug types and their combinations in different hospital settings. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors influencing combination therapy. We found around 33.1% of the participants had stage 2 and above hypertension, of which 67.9% were treated with combination therapy. In community or general hospitals, the most common monotherapy was calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor\/angiotensin II receptor inhibitor (ACEI\/ARB) and diuretic were the main single\u2010pill combinations (SPCs), and ACEI\/ARB and CCB were the main free combination. From 2019 to 2021, the rates of combination therapy increased (58.8%\u201364.1%) with SPCs from 25.9% to 31.0% and free combination from 31.9% to 32.6%. Patients aged\u00a0&lt;\u00a060 years, with stage 2 and above hypertension, with an education level of high school and above, visiting general hospitals, living in the eastern region of China, with hypertension risk factors and comorbidities, and without anxiety or depression were more likely to receive combination therapy (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). The combination therapy use rate increased yearly and the rate of SPCs rose obviously. Individual, hospital, and regional differences in patients with hypertension influenced combination therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T13:58:25Z","timestamp":1721138305000},"page":"1054-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The prevalence of monotherapy and combination therapy in hypertension in China from 2019 to 2021: A nationwide population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Science  Beijing China"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9131-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Science  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0378-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peili","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Xinjiang Uigur Municipal People's Hospital  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Jiangsu Province Hospital  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0335-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College  Baotou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8142-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department Fu Wai Hospital Center for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"e13","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: a Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton PK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension\u2010A report of the revision committee of chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00045-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031912"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"The effects of smoking and drinking on cardiovascular disease and risk factors","volume":"29","author":"Mukamal KJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"S81","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-017-1050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3334-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61212-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11234-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"937","article-title":"Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control and their associated socioeconomic factors in China: a spatial analysis of a national representative survey","volume":"34","author":"Wang W","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283522a51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32317-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14017"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension","volume":"2014","author":"Li EC","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Statistics: The Conceptual Approach","author":"Gudmund R","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jch.14870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T15:18:44Z","timestamp":1729264724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jch.14870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jch.14870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.14870","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-6175","1751-7176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-6175","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}