{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:53:35Z","timestamp":1790888015438,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO\u2010US\u2010983\u20106072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO\u2010US\u2010983\u20106072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research investigated associations between hypertensive patients with COVID\u201019 who did and did not use specific antihypertensive medications and had incurred hospital ventilation\/death in the US Veterans Hospital System. This study included de\u2010identified medical records of 572\u00a0994 hypertensive US veterans who were diagnosed with COVID\u201019 and hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2022, with a 60\u2010day follow\u2010up period. Mechanical ventilation and\/or death within 60 days of COVID\u201019 hospitalization served as the outcome variables. On multivariable analysis, CCB use was associated with a 9% increased risk of mechanical ventilation, while ACE inhibitors (HR: 0.90), alpha blockers (HR: 0.92), and CCB (HR: 0.93) users were associated with a significantly decreased risk of death. Additional multivariable analysis on those with and without additional comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure, and diabetes, revealed that in those with at least one additional comorbidity, CCB uses led to a 9% increased deleterious risk for ventilation. In contrast, the use of ACE inhibitors (HR: 0.86), alpha blockers (HR: 0.92), and CCB (HR: 0.93) demonstrated a moderate protective effect against mortality. Lastly, in hypertensive veterans without any additional comorbidities, there was a lack of significant association between hypertensive medication usage and mechanical ventilation and\/or death. In summary, although CCB use was associated with an increased risk of requiring mechanical ventilation, it also demonstrated a protective effect against mortality. At the same time, ACEI, alpha blocker, and CCB usage led to a significantly decreased risk for death within all hypertensive hospitalized COVID\u201019 veteran cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:11:13Z","timestamp":1740546673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antihypertensive Drug Use and COVID\u201019 Disease Severity in Hospitalized US Veterans: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Merodean","family":"Huntsman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"George E. 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