{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T09:20:02Z","timestamp":1793524802311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite sustained public health efforts, hypertension remains highly prevalent in the United States, with persistent disparities across demographic and socioeconomic groups. We examined 25\u2010year trends in hypertension prevalence, undiagnosed hypertension, and on\u2010treatment uncontrolled hypertension in the United States using nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from adults aged \u226518 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP \u2265130 mmHg, diastolic BP \u226580 mmHg, or current antihypertensive use. Undiagnosed hypertension was defined as elevated BP without prior diagnosis or treatment, while on\u2010treatment uncontrolled hypertension was defined as diagnosed hypertension with BP \u2265130\/80 mmHg despite treatment. Survey\u2010weighted generalized linear models were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs), accounting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, family income\u2010to\u2010poverty threshold ratio, and study period, with interaction terms to assess differential temporal trends. Among 61,847 participants (51.7% women; 21.0% Black; 25.1% Hispanic; 23.2% aged &gt;65 years), adjusted hypertension prevalence was 44.3% (95% CI: 43.6\u201344.9) and remained stable over time (p for trend = 0.50). Relative to &gt;65 years adults, hypertension prevalence increased significantly over time among the younger groups. Compared to White adults, Black adults had higher hypertension prevalence (52.7% vs 44.7%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), and Hispanic adults experienced a greater increase in prevalence over time. Among individuals with hypertension, undiagnosed hypertension declined from 46.4% to 41.5%, and on\u2010treatment uncontrolled hypertension declined from 74.7% to 63.9% (both\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment control, hypertension prevalence remains high, with persistent sociodemographic disparities highlighting the need for targeted and equity\u2010focused interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:37:28Z","timestamp":1771490248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trends in Hypertension Prevalence and Control in the United States Over 25 Years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehan","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00559-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61468-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0449-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7042a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.2307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.).National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Accessed October 6 (2024) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/index.htm."},{"issue":"59","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blood Pressure Randomized Methodology Study Comparing Automatic Oscillometric and Mercury Sphygmomanometer Devices: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009\u20132010","volume":"5","author":"Ostchega Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"National Health Statistics Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.9883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.7597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.035189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7309a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00788-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.02.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.8315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.20389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.9907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.21669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.5231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.009753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00437-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17010039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S368784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01826-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981221079742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-021-00920-9"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jch.70216","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jch.70216","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jch.70216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:09:47Z","timestamp":1772986187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jch.70216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jch.70216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.70216","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-6175","1751-7176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-6175","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70216"}}