{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:54:45Z","timestamp":1791172485335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GrantNo.82470412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GrantNo.82470412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The arm\u2010to\u2010waist ratio (AWR) reflects peripheral\u2010central body size distribution. This study investigated the associations of AWR with hypertension and blood pressure. A total of 50,656 participants from NHANES 1999\u20132018 were included. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations among anthropometric indices and blood pressure. We utilized multivariable logistic regression for hypertension and linear regression for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Overall, 15,211 (30%) individuals had hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension decreased progressively across increasing quartiles of AWR (47.5%, 32.2%, 23.6%, and 16.9%, respectively; P for trend &lt; 0.001). AWR was correlated with BMI (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.16), WC (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.41), WHtR (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.46), and AC (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.16; all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Each 1% increment in AWR was associated with lower odds of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% CI 0.96\u20130.97;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), whereas BMI, WC, WHtR, and AC were all positively associated with hypertension (all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Significant interactions were observed between AWR and both age and sex (both P for interaction &lt; 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, nonlinear associations were observed between AWR and hypertension (men: P for overall &lt; 0.001, P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001; women: P for overall = 0.051, P for nonlinearity = 0.021). Among those without prior hypertension, increased AWR was independently associated with lower SBP and DBP (both\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). AWR is independently and inversely associated with hypertension and blood pressure in U.S. individuals, exhibiting notable sex differences. Our study highlights the potential importance of peripheral\u2010central body size distribution in hypertension development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:32:31Z","timestamp":1789205551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Arm\u2010to\u2010Waist Ratio With Hypertension and Blood Pressure: The Role of Peripheral\u2010Central Body Size Distribution in U.S. Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zhang","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Heart Failure Center National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Heart Failure Center National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Heart Failure Center National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Heart Failure Center National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01405-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15233025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011573403X290574240322041356"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-05691-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1050654"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.816011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1054671"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040961"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Limb\u2010to\u2010Waist Ratio: Resolving the Divergence Between Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"10","author":"Zuo S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vessel Plus"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-082440","article-title":"Dealing With Continuous Variables and Modelling Non\u2010Linear Associations in Healthcare Data: Practical Guide","volume":"390","author":"Lopez\u2010Ayala P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ\u00a0: British Medical 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