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Stretch is an important mediator in the remodelling process. The aim of this study was to develop an atrial cell culture model mimicking remodelling due to atrial pressure overload. Neonatal rat atrial cardiomyocytes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRAM<\/jats:styled-content>) were cultured and subjected to cyclical stretch on elastic membranes. Stretching with 1\u00a0Hz and 15% elongation for 30\u00a0min. resulted in increased expression of immediate early genes and phosphorylation of Erk and p38. A 24\u2010hr stretch period resulted in hypertrophy\u2010related changes including increased cell diameter, reinduction of the foetal gene program and cell death. No evidence of apoptosis was observed. Expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and growth differentiation factor\u201015 was increased, and calcineurin signalling was activated. Expression of several potassium channels was decreased, suggesting electrical remodelling. Atrial stretch\u2010induced change in skeletal \u03b1\u2010actin expression was inhibited by pravastatin, but not by eplerenone or losartan. Stretch of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRAM<\/jats:styled-content> results in elevation of stress markers, changes related to hypertrophy and dedifferentiation, electrical remodelling and cell death. This model can contribute to investigating the mechanisms involved in the remodelling process caused by stretch and to the testing of pharmaceutical agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T11:16:49Z","timestamp":1366975009000},"page":"743-753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cyclical stretch induces structural changes in atrial myocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anne Margreet","family":"De Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander H.","family":"Maass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen 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