{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T21:45:01Z","timestamp":1787262301306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancers are thought to be the result of accumulated gene mutations in cells. Carcinomas, which are cancers arising from epithelial tissues usually go through several stages of development: atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> and then invasive carcinoma, which might further metastasize. However, we think that the present pathological data are enough to prove that there might be an alternative way of carcinogenesis. We propose that majority of invasive cancers arise in the connective tissue stroma <jats:italic>de novo,<\/jats:italic> from the misplaced epithelial stem cells which come to the wrong land of connective tissue stroma by accident. The <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> carcinomas, which are mostly curable, should not be considered genuine cancer, but rather as <jats:italic>quasi\u2010cancer<\/jats:italic>. We design this new theory of carcinogenesis as the stem cell misplacement theory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCMT<\/jats:styled-content>). Our <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCMT<\/jats:styled-content> theory chains together other carcinogenesis theories such as the inflammation\u2010cancer chain, the stem cell theory and the tissue organization field theory. However, we deny the pathway of somatic mutation theory as the major pathway of carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T10:27:11Z","timestamp":1370600831000},"page":"921-926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Invasive cancers are not necessarily from preformed <i>in situ<\/i> tumours \u2014 an alternative way of carcinogenesis from misplaced stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rui\u2010An","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Cancer Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology of Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeng\u2010Shan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Cancer Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology of Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Zhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine of Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping\u2010Ju","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang'an Hospital Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin\u2010Long","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Cancer Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology of Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Guo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Cancer Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology of Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Pr. 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