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Severe oral mucositis can contribute to hospitalization, need for narcotic analgesics, total parentral nutrition, suboptimal delivery of anti\u2010neoplastic treatment, and morbidity and mortality. Palifermin, a recombinant derivative of human keratinocyte growth factor, is the first active agent approved by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDA<\/jats:styled-content> for the prevention of severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>). Several studies have also shown significant reduction in the incidence, severity and\/or duration of oral mucositis in other high\u2010risk settings such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>) for patients with head and neck cancer, and use of mucotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin in sarcoma and fluorouracil for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The reduction in mucositis has translated into amelioration of symptoms and improvement in daily functioning as measured by patient\u2010reported outcome in multiple studies. The clinical response to palifermin appears to be related in part to epithelial proliferation and mucosal thickening. Palifermin also has other potential clinical applications including the acceleration of immune reconstitution and inhibition of graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease in patients undergoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>, and mitigation of dysphagia in lung cancer patients treated with concurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>. Palifermin is generally well tolerated with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate skin and oral adverse events. Future studies may expand the use of palifermin into other areas that would benefit from its cytoprotective and regenerative effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T04:26:53Z","timestamp":1384921613000},"page":"1371-1384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Clinical applications of palifermin: amelioration of oral mucositis and other potential indications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Saroj","family":"Vadhan\u2010Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology Section of Cytokines and Supportive Oncology Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna D.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel\u2010Angel","family":"Perales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar P.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen Inc. 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