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In this study, we demonstrate that compared with eutopic endometria, adenomyotic lesions exhibited increased vascularity as detected by sonography. Microscopically, the lesions also exhibited an oestrogen\u2010associated elevation of microvascular density and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> expression in endometrial epithelial cells. We previously reported that oestrogen\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>lug expression was critical for endometrial epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and development of adenomyosis. Our present studies demonstrated that estradiol (E2) elicited a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>lug\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> axis in endometrial epithelial cells, and also induced pro\u2010angiogenic activity in vascular endothelial cells. The antagonizing agents against E2 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> suppressed endothelial cells migration and tubal formation. Animal experiments furthermore confirmed that blockage of E2 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> was efficient to attenuate the implantation of adenomyotic lesions. These results highlight the importance of oestrogen\u2010induced angiogenesis in adenomyosis development and provide a potential strategy for treating adenomyosis through intercepting the E2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>lug\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T09:38:57Z","timestamp":1398332337000},"page":"1358-1371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Oestrogen\u2010induced angiogenesis promotes adenomyosis by activating the <scp>S<\/scp>lug\u2010<scp>VEGF<\/scp> axis in endometrial epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tze\u2010Sing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cancer Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli 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