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Incubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with HTL (1\u00a0mM) for 24\u00a0hrs significantly reduced cell viabilities assayed by 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethyl\u20102\u2010thiazolyl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010H\u2010tetrazolium bromide, as well as enhanced productions of reactive oxygen species, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and increased intercellular cell adhesion molecule\u20101 secretion. Pre\u2010treatment of cells with RSG (0.001\u20130.1\u00a0mM), pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 0.1\u00a0mM) or apocynin (0.1\u00a0mM) for 1\u00a0hr reversed these effects induced by HTL. Furthermore, co\u2010incubation with GW9662 (0.01\u00a0mM) abolished the protective effects of RSG on HTL\u2010treated cells. In <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments, exposure of isolated aortic rings from. rats to HTL (1\u00a0mM) for 1\u00a0hr dramatically impaired acetylcholine\u2010induced endothelium\u2010dependent relaxation, reduced release of nitric oxide and activity of superoxide dismutase, and increased malondialdehyde content in aortic tissues. Preincubation of aortic rings with RSG (0.1, 0.3, 1\u00a0mM), PDTC or apocynin normalized the disorders induced by HTL. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> analysis indicated that administration of RSG (20\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) remarkably suppressed oxidative stress and prevented endothelial dysfunction in rats fed HTL (50\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) for 8\u00a0weeks. RSG improves endothelial functions in rats fed HTL, which is related to PPAR\u03b3\u2010dependent suppression of oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T01:23:18Z","timestamp":1423185798000},"page":"826-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Rosiglitazone <i>via <\/i><scp>PPAR<\/scp>\u03b3\u2010dependent suppression of oxidative stress attenuates endothelial dysfunction in rats fed homocysteine thiolactone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xu\u2010Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Pharmaceutical College Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Pharmaceutical College Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"College of 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